AP EUROPEAN HISTORY

POSTWAR EUROPE: RECOVERY, COMMUNISM, AND COLD WAR Overview - Western European Recovery 1945-1957 - 1945 - Germany’s Ruhr Valley (aka Ruhr Basin) - reparations - Morganthau Plan - 1946 - partitioning of Germany - occupation zones - French, German, American, Soviet - Soviet becomes East Germany - remainder becomes West Germany - Communist agitation in France and Italy - 1948 - Czech Communists seize power in Czechoslovakia - the Marshall Plan - George Marshall - 1949 - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) - 1950 - European recovery - free trade - policy of containment - 1952 - Schuman and Monnet Plan - European Coal and Steel Community - 1955 - the Warsaw Pact - 1957 - European Economic Community - Common Market - Communism: the Soviet Union and Its Satellites (Soviet Bloc) - 1945 - Eastern European countries - Albania and Yugoslavia - 1945-1953 - land distribution reforms - collectivization - Five Year Plans - police state - Joseph Stalin - Great Patriotic War - gulags - 1949 - test of 1st atomic bomb - 1953 - test of 1st hydrogen bomb - death of Stalin - Lavrenti Beria - beginning of resistence in satellite countries - 1956 - Nikita S. Khruschchev - crimes of Stalin - cult of personality - de-Stalinization - Polish, Hungarian revolts - Wladysaw Gomulka - 1957 - Sputnik - intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) - 1964 - Khruschchev ousted - Centralized economie planning (Gosplan) - failure of collectivized farms - 1968 - Soviets invade Czechoslovakia - the Brezhnev Doctrine - Leonid Brezhnev - Cold War - conflict between the Soviet Union and the West - the superpowers (US and USSR) - 1st. world, 2nd world, 3rd world - Marxist revolutions in Asia, Africa and Latin America - nuclear arms race - “balance of terror” - collapse of the Soviet Union - new world order - 1945-1947 - Communist strikes in Western Europe - takeover of Eastern Europe nations - Truman Doctrine - 1948 - Soviet blockade of Berlin - the Berlin Airlift - European Recovery Plan (Marshall Plan) - 1949 - Chinese Communist Revolution - Mao Zedong (Communists) - Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalists) - Formosa (Taiwan) - 1950 - the Korean War - Kim Il Sung - Syngman Rhee - 38th parallel - Soviet boycott of UN Security Council - Gen. Douglas MacArthur - Inchon - the firing of MacArthur - armistice 1953 - 1953 - death of Stalin - Khruschchev - peaceful coexistence - 1955 - Geneva Summit - President Eisenhower - Soviet leaders - French and British Prime Ministers - 1956 - wars in the Middle East - the Geneva Accords - partitioning of Vietnam - 1959 - Communist takeover of Cuba - Fulgencio Batista - Fidel Castro - 1960 - the Paris Summit - the U-2 incident - 1961 - Bay of Pigs invasion - John F. Kennedy - Berlin Wall - 1962 - U.S. “military advisors” in Vietnam - South Vietnam - Vietcong - Vietminh - Cuban Missile Crisis - 1963 - Nuclear test ban treaty - the “hotline” - Failsafe theory - rift between USSR and Communist China - 1964 - China joins “nuclear bomb club” - 1965 - Lyndon Baines Johnson - escalation of Vietnam war - the Chinese People’s Republic (aka PRC or communist China) --1969 - Richard Nixon - Henry Kissinger - detente - Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) - U.S. lands on the moon - 1970 - Nonproliferation treaty - India joins “nuclear bomb club” - 1972 - Nixon visits China - beginning of “the Thaw”