HONORS WORLD HISTORY

THE BENEVOLENT DESPOTS OF EUROPE, THE RUSSIANS, THE BIRTH OF MODERN SCIENCE, YEARS OF REVOLUTION AND CHANGE, REVOLUTIONS IN LATIN AMERICA TOPICS AND TERMS Hapsburgs, Austria-Hungary, Bohemia, Maria Theresa, absolute rulers, Joseph II, benevolent, despot, Hohenzollerns, Prussia, Frederick William, militaristic ,Frederick the Great, Spanish Bourbons, Mongols, Ivan the Great, Ivan the Terrible, steppes, Cossacks, Black Sea, Siberia, Greek Orthodox Church, , Romanov dynasty, Peter the Great, Azov, Baltic Sea, Moscow, St. Petersburg, westernize, Catherine the Great, geocentric, Copernicus, heliocentric, Galileo Galilei, Tycho Brahe, Johann Kepler, Vesalius, William Harvey, Simon Stevin, Rene Descartes, analytic geometry, Wilhelm Leibnitz, Isaac Newton, calculus, law of falling bodies, William Gilbert, Benjamin Franklin, Allesandro Volta, Robert Boyd, Joseph Priestly, Antoine Lavoisier, Jamestown, Georgia, town meetings, New England, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies, plantations, French and Indian War, taxation without representation, Parliament, Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, American Revolution, France, Spain, Netherlands, democracy, New World, viceroys, Napoleon Bonaparte, Venezuela, Francisco Miranda, Simon Bolivar, Columbia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Jose de San Martin, Bernardo O’Higgins, Portugal, Mexico, Haiti, West Indies, Cuba, Puerto Rico, James Monroe, Monroe Doctrine, Theodore Roosevelt, Panama Canal Zone, A Man, A Plan, A canal, Panama

HONORS WORLD HISTORY: THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

TOPICS AND TERMS Reconquista, Marco Polo, astrolabes, Prince Henry the Navigator, Sagres, plantation, Bartholmeu Dias, Cape of Good Hope, Vasco de Gama, Mozambique, Columbus, King John II of Portugal, Ferdinand and Isabella, Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria, Arawaks, Hispaniola, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Admiral of the Ocean Sea, West Indies, East Indies, Vikings, Leif Ericson, Vinland, Pope Alexander VI, Line of Demarcation, Treaty of Tordesillas, Amerigo Vespucci, Juan Ponce de Leon, Isla de las Pascuas, Florida, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, The Great South Sea, Ferdinand Magellan, Strait of Magellan, Mar Pacifico, Juan Sebastian del Cano, conquistadors, Hernan Cortes, Montezma, Quetzalcoatl, Malinche, Tenochtitlan, Cuauhtémoc, Incas, Pizzaro, Atahualpa, Viceroy, El Dorado, Seven Cities of Cibola, Hernando de Soto, Francisco de Coronado, Zuni Indians, encomiendas, peons, caciques, Bartalome de las Casas, Pedro Cabral, Northwest Passage, King Henry VII of England, John Cabot, Henry Hudson, New Netherlands, Dutch Guiana (Surinam), Dutch East Indies Co., Dutch West Indies Co., English East Indies Co., Puritans, Quakers, Jamestown VA., House of Burgesses, Francis I of France, Jacques Cartier, St. Lawrence River, New France, Quebec, Samuel de Champlain, Father of New France, Louis Joliet, Jacques Marquette, LaSalle, Louisiana, St. Domingue, Haiti, French and Indian War, 1763 Treaty of Paris, circumnavigate, bullion, monopoly

AP EUROPEAN HISTORY: THE REFORMATION

TOPICS AND TERMS - Chronological Overview of Events, Personalities, Ideas - Johann Tetzel - indulgences - Martin Luther - 95 Theses - Salvation by faith alone - Bible is the ultimate authority - Grace of God brings absolution - Baptiism and communion are the only valid sacraments - transubstantiation - consubstantiation - Clergy is not superior to the laity - Church should be subordinate to the state - papal bull - Pope Leo X - Emperor Charles V - Frederick the Wise - the Diet of Worms - Lutheranism spreads - Franz von Sickengen - Peasants' War - anabaptists - millennarians - Albert of Brandenburg-Prussia - the Diet of Speyer - League of Schmalkalden - Huldreich Zwingli - Peace of Cappel - Pope Paul III - reform popes - Act of Supremacy - Anglican Church - Henry VIII - Catherine of Aragon - Thomas Cranmer - Anne Boleyn - abolition of monastaries in England - John Calvin - Institutes of the Christian Religion - Predestination - elect or saints - conversion - Puritan or Protestant ethic - Church government - theocracy - England - Statute of the Six Articles - Mary Tudor - Puritan Revolution - Presbyterians - Huguenots - Calvinists - Separatists - Catholic and Counter-Reformations begin (1540s) - Ignatius Loyola - Jesuits (Society of Jesus) - Spanish and Italian Inquisitions - Index of Prohibited Books - Council of Trent - salvation by good works and faith - seven sacraments valid - religious authority is with the Bible, traditions of the Church, writings of Church fathers - Monasticism with celibacy, purgatory reconfirmed - principle of indulgences upheld but abuses corrected - Peace of Augsburg - Cuius regio, eius religio - Results of Protestant Reformation - Northern Europe - unity of Christianity shattered - Wars of Religion - Protestant spirit of individualism - Protestantism justified nationalism - The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) - the four phases - the Bohemian Phase - the Danish Phase - the Swedish Phase - the French-Swedish Phase - the Peace of Westphalia - effects of Thirty Years War - Germany ` - Balance of Power politics - the Hapsburgs - slowing of Catholic and Counter Reformations

AP EUROPEAN HISTORY: THE REFORMATION

FOCUS QUESTIONS: Protestant Reformation, Catholic and Counter-Reformations, Wars of Religion (1517-1648) Practice Questions for Discussion 1 "Calvin's doctrines were a radical departure from those of both the Roman Catholic Church and Lutheranism" Evaluate this statement. 2. "The reformation was caused by long-term political, social, and economic developments" Discuss this statement. 3. "The Catholic and Counter Reformations attempted not only to reform the Church but to suppress heresy" Defend or refute this statement 4. "The Protestant emphasis on one's personal relationship with God was a logical outgrowth of the Renaissance" Assess the validity of this statement. 5. "Protestantism spread with the growth of nationalism" Discuss this statement. 1. This question leaves some room for choice. In evaluating the statement, one may choose to compare the doctrines on salvation of each of these Christian sects. In his stand against the indulgences, Luther departed from Roman Catholic doctrine and from Church tradition. Calvin argued still another view. The question could be approached through this issue alone. Another way to attack the question would be through the differing relations of each of these sects to the issues of religion and the state and of church government. A clear contrast can be shown among the three. 2. The "discuss" essay is, by nature, less focused than other variations. Like the others, it requires that the student take a stand on the statement; unlike the others, it does not narrow the possible approaches. Choices bring opportunities and dangers. This type requires strict organization. In this particular question, the crucial term is "caused." Any great historical event is brought about by multiple and complex developments. There are the long-term causes. For instance, corruption among Church officials and the influence of Renaissance ideas are long-term causes of the Reformation. But people - personalities- are often at the center of immediate causation. Immediate causes are actions that precipitate great events. Tetzel's sale of indulgences provoked Luther to issue his 95 Theses. 3. In a "defend or refute" essay, it is still possible to present a mixed argument - party for, partly against. After all, there are few human endeavors that do not encompass the whole range of moral possibility. To "reform" implies a noble goal for a noble institution; to "suppress" implies the application of power for the denial of freedom. The point to remember with this question is not to make moral judgments but rather to consider the varying roles of individuals and organizations during the Catholic response to Protestantism. 4. A reminder: to "assess validity" is to determine whether a statement is true or false, or partly both. The pivotal concept in this statement is "logical outgrowth." Consider its implications before choosing an approach. Does it mean a necessary effect? Or the result of one influence among many? In order to answer this, the student must be familiar with the Renaissance ideas that emphasized individuality as well as how they differed with notions of the preceding age (the medieval period). These ideas must then be linked as influences for various Protestant theological or social concepts that differed from Roman Catholic views. This is a tough question. It would be easy to fall into the trap of over-simplifying by jumping to conclusions based on a superficial knowledge of complex ideas and doctrines. 5 This question implies a link between what would appear, at first glance, to be two diametriccally opposed forces: the spiritual and the political. Of course, religion has influenced politics throughout the ages; it continues to in our own country. It is less common or at least appears to be for politics to influence the growth of a new religion or, more accurately, a new dogma. The key to answering this question is an understanding of the changed attitudes and political relationships in the 16th century and of the way Protestantism fostered nationalism.

AP EUROPEAN HISTORY: RECOMMENDED WORKBOOKS

TO THE PARENTS OF MY AP EUROPEAN HISTORY STUDENTS. IN ADDITION TO THEIR TEXTBOOKS AND WEEKLY LECTURES, I HIGHLY RECOMMEND THE PURCHASE OF AP EUROPEAN HISTORY WORKBOOKS. MY CHOICE WOULD BE THE LATEST EDITION OF "5 STEPS TO A 5." I HAVE PLACED A LINK TO THE BARNES AND NOBLE WEBSITE FOR THIS BOOK BELOW. IT WILL SHOW YOUR STUDENT WHAT IS NECESSARY TO PASS THE AP TEST IN MAY, AS WELL AS MANY PRACTICE QUIZZES FOR EACH UNIT OF INSTRUCTION. THE BOOKS RETAIL FOR LESS THAN $20 AND IS A GOOD INVESTMENT FOR YOUR STUDENT. THANK YOU FOR YOUR CONTINUED SUPPORT FOR YOUR STUDENT IN THIS VERY DIFFICULT CLASS. MR. BURCIAGA LINK TO BARNES AND NOBLE: http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/5-steps-to-a-5-ap-european-history-2014-2015-edition-jeffrey-brautigam/1113863597?ean=9780071803786

HONORS WORLD HISTORY: THE RENAISSANCE

TOPICS AND TERMS patrons, humanities, Petrarch, scholastics, Cervantes, Utopia, Erasmus, Gutenberg, tempera, Raphael, Hamlet, perspective, Mona Lisa, frescoes, Vatican, Renaissance, Machiavelli, anachronism, Thomas More, Pieta, humanism, pious, Sistine Chapel, Lorenzo de Medici, Jan van Eyck, Baldassare Castiglione

HONORS WORLD HISTORY: THE RENAISSANCE

FOCUS QUESTIONS: 1. How did Renaissance thinkers think the individual was defined? Explain how this idea can be compared with the value of an individual in ancient Roman and medieval (Middle Ages)European societies? 2. How did Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks reflect humanist themes? 3. How did an interest in humanism lead to the development of new art techniques? 4. How did the printing press encourage the spread of ideas? 5. Why did people begin to question the Church during the Renaissance? Due the day of the test. Test date to be determined.