HONORS WORLD HISTORY: ROME

ROME READING: WORLD HISTORY: MODERN TIMES CHAPTER 1 SECTION 3: ROME AND THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY, PAGES 144 TO 151 ASSIGNMENTS; GEOGRAPHY SKILLS, PAGES 147, 149, CHART SKILLS PAGE 150, AND SECTION 3 ASSIGNMENT PAGE 151, 1 THROUGH 8. EXTRA CREDIT: GEOGRAPHY SKILLS PAGE 125, PICTURING HISTORY PAGE 127, AND CHAPTER 1, SECTION 1 ASSESSMENT PAGE 129, 1 THROUGH 8

AP EUROPEAN HISTORY: ROME

ROME READING ASSIGNMENT: Western Civilization, Chapters 5 & 6, pages 106 - 163 The Roman Republic The Roman Empire Be sure to include in your reading the picture captioning, chronology boxes, maps, and primary source readings on pages 112, 113, 117, 119, 122, 124, 126, 131, 138, 139, 143, 144, 149, 153, 155, 156, and 160.

AP EUROPEAN HISTORY AND HONORS WORLD HISTORY

NOTES FOR UNIT 1: THE BIRTH OF CIVILIZATIONS WORLD HISTORY NOTES #1 & 2 THE BIRTH OF CIVILIZATIONS - Early man identified by tools and fossils, etc. - Paleolithic Old Stone Age - @ 2 million years ago - people nomadic - hunter/gatherers - developed language - developed religion @ 10,000 years ago Neolithic era - New Stone Age - 1st farmers - better tools and buildings - cloth & pottery - domesticated animals - fire - trade between villages - invention of the wheel - copper working invented - then bronze from mixing metals - The Bronze Age - associated with ancient Greece - Many civilizations began close to rivers - four great river valleys - Egypt - Nile - China - Yellow - India - Indus - Mesopotamia - Tigris and Euphrates - The Fertile Crescent - Mesopotamia - “the land between two rivers” - polytheistic - trade was very important (barter system) - Sumer the first great city of Mesopotamia - Sumerians invented writing - cuneiform - 2350 BCE - Sumerians conquered by Sargon the Great of Akkad - he established the first Empire - other civilizations progressed into city/states - Mesopotamians invented multiplication, division, geometry, astronomy - 1792BCE it was unified under one ruler in the city/state called Babylon - ruled by Hammurabi - codified laws, some used today - Stele of Hammurabi Egypt - another center of civilization was in the Nile River valley - farms sprang up due to rich fertile soil after flood - Egypt’s Gift of the Nile - the farms turned to villages, then to 2 kingdoms - Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt - around 3100 BCE Menes brought the two together - changed his name to Narmer - he was considered the first Pharaoh - Egyptian civ. continued for at least 30 dynasties - after Menes, there were three periods of strong dynasties - The Old Kingdom - 2686- 2181 BCE - Age of the Pyramids - The Middle Kingdom - 2040 - 1786 - trade flourished during this time - w/Syria, Palestine & Crete - The New Kingdom - 1570-1090 - the Egyptian Empire established - from Euphrates south to Africa - while rulers changed, the culture remained same - for 3000 years - religion played important part of life - government was a theocracy - were polytheistic - believed gods influenced forces of nature - legend of Osiris, Isis, Horus, Seth, Anubis - believed in life after death - source of the mummy ritual - entrails taken out and put in canopic jars - brain whipped by stick and sucked out of nose - body left to soak in natron for more than 70 days - kind of salt - leaves body dark and rigid - then body wrapped and put in sarcophagus - and buried - hence the pyramids - Khufu or Cheops - Khafre - Menkaure - family members were buried in mastabas - the first designer of pyramids was Imhotep - built several pyramids for the Pharaoh Zoser - several survive today - notably the step pyramid of Saqqara - they invented hieroglyphics - writing on papyrus - sometimes on cartouches - developed a calendar more accurate then Sumerians - engineers used geometry - to build and plan irrigation works - they were first to use stone columns - the remains of their architecture is proof, well built - by 1200 BCE their power had peaked - others were coming into power.