AP EUROPEAN HISTORY: THE BEGINNING OF MODERN EUROPE

AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 04 THE EXPANSION OF EUROPE AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT
FOCUS QUESTIONS


1. What were some of the factors in the development of science that came from the Renaissance? The ancient Greeks? The Protestant Reformation? Direct Observation?

2. Why do they call Copernicus’ discoveries a “revolution”?

3. What did Newton demonstrate in his Principia Mathematica?

4. What were some of the characteristics of the philosophes?

5. Explain how “cogito ergo sum” served as a basis for Cartesian duality?

6. What is enlightened despotism?

7. Which of the European monarchs were Enlightened despots? Which were not?

8. Why would Rousseau be called an apologist for dictators?

9. Which scientist championed the use of the experimental or inductive method of inquiry. How?

10. Which astronomer validated the discoveries of Copernicus?

11. Define agnosticism, atheism, rationalism, deism

12. What role did Voltaire play in enlightenment thinking?

13. Which philosophes were influential in spreading Enlightenment thinking to the Americas?